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Sacro Monte di Varallo
The Sacred Mountain of Varallo ((イタリア語:Sacro Monte di Varallo)) is the oldest of the Italian and foreign constructions of its kind. It was founded in 1491, by friar Bernardino Caimi of the Ordine dei Minori Osservanti di San Francesco. The Sacro Monte was built on a rocky foundation, positioned on the slopes of Monte Tre Croci (Mount of three crosses), on the left-hand side of the river Sesia, where it leaves Val Mastallone (Piedmont, northern Italy). This natural terrace (600m) soars above the historic centre of Varallo (450m).
==Structures==
The Sacro Monte at Varallo comprises the minor basilica and 45 chapels, either isolated or inserted into the large monumental complexes ''Nazareth'', ''Bethlehem'', ''Pilate’s house'', ''Calvary'', ''Sepulchre'' and ''Parella’s house'' – populated by more than 800 life size painted statues, in wood and terracotta, that dramatically illustrate the life, passion, death and resurrection of Christ. These interiors are vividly decorated with fresco paintings.
The Sacro Monte area is divided into two distinct zones. The first, surrounded by plants, is set out like a sloping garden; here the chapels are positioned at strategic points along the path. Beginning with ''Adam and Eve'' or ''Original Sin'', they narrate the story of Christ, from the Annunciation until his arrival in Bethlehem. The second zone, preceded by the ''Porta Aurea'', is located on the summit, and is built up of palazzi and elaborate porticos, built around the two squares; piazza dei Tribunali (''piazza civica'') and piazza del Tempio (''piazza religiosa''). The aim here, was to represent the city of Jerusalem; it does indeed have a city feel about it. The chapels narrate the events of Christ's life inside and around the walls of Jerusalem; here are ''The Last Supper'', ''The Burial'', ''The Resurrection of Christ'' and ''The Assumption of the Madonna'', to which the basilica is also dedicated. The urban character of this Sacro Monte clearly distinguishes it from the others.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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